THE COURT STRUCTURE OF QUEBEC AND LOWER CANADA, 1764 TO 1860
Table of contents     Title page     E-mail author

COURT STRUCTURE TABLE: 1844-1849
(links lead to the relevant court profile)
 
CIVIL FIRST INSTANCE CRIMINAL FIRST INSTANCE APPELLATE
COURTS OF QUEEN'S BENCH 
(1 for each district) 
1. All Districts apart from Gaspé 
Superior terms: civil matters >£20; appeal to the Court of Appeals for Lower Canada in cases >£St20 
Inferior terms: civil matters £20; appeal to the Superior terms in cases >£10 
2. District of Gaspé 
Civil matters >£20; appeal to the Court of Appeals for Lower Canada in all cases 

CIRCUIT COURTS 
(1 for each district, and 1 for each county of the District of Gaspé) 
Civil matters £20; appeal to the Superior terms of the Courts of Queen's Bench in cases >£10 

COMMISSIONERS' COURTS 
(several in each district) 
Certain civil matters £6-5sh; appeal to the Superior terms of Courts of Queen's Bench in cases affecting future rights 

COURT OF WEEKLY SESSIONS OF THE PEACE 
(1 in Montreal) 
Civil matters involving suits of the city of Montreal (to 1845) 

MAYOR'S COURT (from 1845) 
(1 in Montreal) 
Civil matters involving suits of the city of Montreal 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 
(numerous in each district) 
Justices in the country parishes: certain minor civil matters £4-3sh-4d

COURTS OF QUEEN'S BENCH 
(1 for each district) 
All criminal matters; appeal to the Queen and Council from fines >£St100 

COURTS OF OYER AND TERMINER AND GENERAL GAOL DELIVERY 
(in each district as needed) 
All criminal matters; appeal to the Queen and Council from fines >£St100 

COURTS OF QUARTER SESSIONS OF THE PEACE 
(1 for each district) 
Criminal matters not involving loss of life or limb 

COURTS OF WEEKLY SESSIONS OF THE PEACE / COURTS OF SPECIAL SESSIONS OF THE PEACE 
(1 in Quebec City and Montreal) 
Minor criminal matters; appeal to the Courts of Quarter Sessions of the Peace in certain cases 

POLICE COURTS 
(1 in Quebec City and Montreal) 
Minor criminal matters; appeal to the Courts of Quarter Sessions of the Peace in certain cases 

MAYOR'S COURT (from 1845) 
(1 in Montreal) 
Minor criminal matters; appeal to the Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace in certain cases 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 
(numerous in each district) 
Minor criminal matters; appeal to the Courts of Quarter Sessions of the Peace in certain cases

QUEEN AND COUNCIL 
Appeals from the Court of Appeals for Lower Canada in civil cases >£St500, and from all courts in criminal cases involving fines £St100 

COURT OF APPEALS FOR LOWER CANADA 
(1 for the entire province) 
Appeals from the lower courts in all eligible civil cases; appeal to the Queen and Council in cases >£St500 

COURTS OF QUEEN'S BENCH 
(1 for each district) 
1. All districts apart from Gaspé 
Superior terms: appeals from the Inferior terms in civil cases >£10, and from the Commissioners' Courts in civil cases affecting future rights 
2. District of Gaspé 
Appeals from the Circuit Courts in civil cases >£10, and from the Commissioners' Courts in civil cases affecting future rights 

COURTS OF QUARTER SESSIONS OF THE PEACE 
(1 for each district) 
Appeals from the lower courts in certain criminal cases



Donald Fyson, with the assistance of Evelyn Kolish and Virginia Schweitzer, The Court Structure of Quebec and Lower Canada, 1764-1860 (Montreal: Montreal History Group, 1994/1997/2023). http://www.profs.hst.ulaval.ca/Dfyson/Courtstr/

Page content last updated 2008-05-30